Source code for django.core.mail.message

from __future__ import unicode_literals

import mimetypes
import os
import random
import sys
import time
from email import generator
from email import charset as Charset, encoders as Encoders
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import formatdate, getaddresses, formataddr, parseaddr

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.mail.utils import DNS_NAME
from django.utils.encoding import force_text
from django.utils import six


# Don't BASE64-encode UTF-8 messages so that we avoid unwanted attention from
# some spam filters.
utf8_charset = Charset.Charset('utf-8')
utf8_charset.body_encoding = None  # Python defaults to BASE64


# Default MIME type to use on attachments (if it is not explicitly given
# and cannot be guessed).
DEFAULT_ATTACHMENT_MIME_TYPE = 'application/octet-stream'


class BadHeaderError(ValueError):
    pass


# Copied from Python standard library, with the following modifications:
# * Used cached hostname for performance.
# * Added try/except to support lack of getpid() in Jython (#5496).
def make_msgid(idstring=None):
    """Returns a string suitable for RFC 2822 compliant Message-ID, e.g:

    <20020201195627.33539.96671@nightshade.la.mastaler.com>

    Optional idstring if given is a string used to strengthen the
    uniqueness of the message id.
    """
    timeval = time.time()
    utcdate = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.gmtime(timeval))
    try:
        pid = os.getpid()
    except AttributeError:
        # No getpid() in Jython, for example.
        pid = 1
    randint = random.randrange(100000)
    if idstring is None:
        idstring = ''
    else:
        idstring = '.' + idstring
    idhost = DNS_NAME
    msgid = '<%s.%s.%s%s@%s>' % (utcdate, pid, randint, idstring, idhost)
    return msgid


# Header names that contain structured address data (RFC #5322)
ADDRESS_HEADERS = set([
    'from',
    'sender',
    'reply-to',
    'to',
    'cc',
    'bcc',
    'resent-from',
    'resent-sender',
    'resent-to',
    'resent-cc',
    'resent-bcc',
])


def forbid_multi_line_headers(name, val, encoding):
    """Forbids multi-line headers, to prevent header injection."""
    encoding = encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
    val = force_text(val)
    if '\n' in val or '\r' in val:
        raise BadHeaderError("Header values can't contain newlines (got %r for header %r)" % (val, name))
    try:
        val.encode('ascii')
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        if name.lower() in ADDRESS_HEADERS:
            val = ', '.join(sanitize_address(addr, encoding)
                for addr in getaddresses((val,)))
        else:
            val = Header(val, encoding).encode()
    else:
        if name.lower() == 'subject':
            val = Header(val).encode()
    return str(name), val


def sanitize_address(addr, encoding):
    if isinstance(addr, six.string_types):
        addr = parseaddr(force_text(addr))
    nm, addr = addr
    # This try-except clause is needed on Python 3 < 3.2.4
    # http://bugs.python.org/issue14291
    try:
        nm = Header(nm, encoding).encode()
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        nm = Header(nm, 'utf-8').encode()
    try:
        addr.encode('ascii')
    except UnicodeEncodeError:  # IDN
        if '@' in addr:
            localpart, domain = addr.split('@', 1)
            localpart = str(Header(localpart, encoding))
            domain = domain.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
            addr = '@'.join([localpart, domain])
        else:
            addr = Header(addr, encoding).encode()
    return formataddr((nm, addr))


class MIMEMixin():
    def as_string(self, unixfrom=False):
        """Return the entire formatted message as a string.
        Optional `unixfrom' when True, means include the Unix From_ envelope
        header.

        This overrides the default as_string() implementation to not mangle
        lines that begin with 'From '. See bug #13433 for details.
        """
        fp = six.StringIO()
        g = generator.Generator(fp, mangle_from_=False)
        if sys.version_info < (2, 6, 6) and isinstance(self._payload, six.text_type):
            self._payload = self._payload.encode(self._charset.output_charset)
        g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
        return fp.getvalue()

    if six.PY2:
        as_bytes = as_string
    else:
        def as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False):
            """Return the entire formatted message as bytes.
            Optional `unixfrom' when True, means include the Unix From_ envelope
            header.

            This overrides the default as_bytes() implementation to not mangle
            lines that begin with 'From '. See bug #13433 for details.
            """
            fp = six.BytesIO()
            g = generator.BytesGenerator(fp, mangle_from_=False)
            g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
            return fp.getvalue()


class SafeMIMEText(MIMEMixin, MIMEText):

    def __init__(self, text, subtype, charset):
        self.encoding = charset
        if charset == 'utf-8':
            # Unfortunately, Python doesn't support setting a Charset instance
            # as MIMEText init parameter (http://bugs.python.org/issue16324).
            # We do it manually and trigger re-encoding of the payload.
            MIMEText.__init__(self, text, subtype, None)
            del self['Content-Transfer-Encoding']
            # Workaround for versions without http://bugs.python.org/issue19063
            if (3, 2) < sys.version_info < (3, 3, 4):
                payload = text.encode(utf8_charset.output_charset)
                self._payload = payload.decode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
                self.set_charset(utf8_charset)
            else:
                self.set_payload(text, utf8_charset)
            self.replace_header('Content-Type', 'text/%s; charset="%s"' % (subtype, charset))
        else:
            MIMEText.__init__(self, text, subtype, charset)

    def __setitem__(self, name, val):
        name, val = forbid_multi_line_headers(name, val, self.encoding)
        MIMEText.__setitem__(self, name, val)


class SafeMIMEMultipart(MIMEMixin, MIMEMultipart):

    def __init__(self, _subtype='mixed', boundary=None, _subparts=None, encoding=None, **_params):
        self.encoding = encoding
        MIMEMultipart.__init__(self, _subtype, boundary, _subparts, **_params)

    def __setitem__(self, name, val):
        name, val = forbid_multi_line_headers(name, val, self.encoding)
        MIMEMultipart.__setitem__(self, name, val)


[docs]class EmailMessage(object): """ A container for email information. """ content_subtype = 'plain' mixed_subtype = 'mixed' encoding = None # None => use settings default def __init__(self, subject='', body='', from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None, connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, cc=None): """ Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple recipients). All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings (or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any necessary encoding conversions. """ if to: assert not isinstance(to, six.string_types), '"to" argument must be a list or tuple' self.to = list(to) else: self.to = [] if cc: assert not isinstance(cc, six.string_types), '"cc" argument must be a list or tuple' self.cc = list(cc) else: self.cc = [] if bcc: assert not isinstance(bcc, six.string_types), '"bcc" argument must be a list or tuple' self.bcc = list(bcc) else: self.bcc = [] self.from_email = from_email or settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL self.subject = subject self.body = body self.attachments = attachments or [] self.extra_headers = headers or {} self.connection = connection def get_connection(self, fail_silently=False): from django.core.mail import get_connection if not self.connection: self.connection = get_connection(fail_silently=fail_silently) return self.connection def message(self): encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET msg = SafeMIMEText(self.body, self.content_subtype, encoding) msg = self._create_message(msg) msg['Subject'] = self.subject msg['From'] = self.extra_headers.get('From', self.from_email) msg['To'] = self.extra_headers.get('To', ', '.join(self.to)) if self.cc: msg['Cc'] = ', '.join(self.cc) # Email header names are case-insensitive (RFC 2045), so we have to # accommodate that when doing comparisons. header_names = [key.lower() for key in self.extra_headers] if 'date' not in header_names: msg['Date'] = formatdate() if 'message-id' not in header_names: msg['Message-ID'] = make_msgid() for name, value in self.extra_headers.items(): if name.lower() in ('from', 'to'): # From and To are already handled continue msg[name] = value return msg def recipients(self): """ Returns a list of all recipients of the email (includes direct addressees as well as Cc and Bcc entries). """ return self.to + self.cc + self.bcc def send(self, fail_silently=False): """Sends the email message.""" if not self.recipients(): # Don't bother creating the network connection if there's nobody to # send to. return 0 return self.get_connection(fail_silently).send_messages([self]) def attach(self, filename=None, content=None, mimetype=None): """ Attaches a file with the given filename and content. The filename can be omitted and the mimetype is guessed, if not provided. If the first parameter is a MIMEBase subclass it is inserted directly into the resulting message attachments. """ if isinstance(filename, MIMEBase): assert content == mimetype == None self.attachments.append(filename) else: assert content is not None self.attachments.append((filename, content, mimetype)) def attach_file(self, path, mimetype=None): """Attaches a file from the filesystem.""" filename = os.path.basename(path) with open(path, 'rb') as f: content = f.read() self.attach(filename, content, mimetype) def _create_message(self, msg): return self._create_attachments(msg) def _create_attachments(self, msg): if self.attachments: encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET body_msg = msg msg = SafeMIMEMultipart(_subtype=self.mixed_subtype, encoding=encoding) if self.body: msg.attach(body_msg) for attachment in self.attachments: if isinstance(attachment, MIMEBase): msg.attach(attachment) else: msg.attach(self._create_attachment(*attachment)) return msg def _create_mime_attachment(self, content, mimetype): """ Converts the content, mimetype pair into a MIME attachment object. """ basetype, subtype = mimetype.split('/', 1) if basetype == 'text': encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET attachment = SafeMIMEText(content, subtype, encoding) else: # Encode non-text attachments with base64. attachment = MIMEBase(basetype, subtype) attachment.set_payload(content) Encoders.encode_base64(attachment) return attachment def _create_attachment(self, filename, content, mimetype=None): """ Converts the filename, content, mimetype triple into a MIME attachment object. """ if mimetype is None: mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) if mimetype is None: mimetype = DEFAULT_ATTACHMENT_MIME_TYPE attachment = self._create_mime_attachment(content, mimetype) if filename: try: filename.encode('ascii') except UnicodeEncodeError: if six.PY2: filename = filename.encode('utf-8') filename = ('utf-8', '', filename) attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) return attachment
class EmailMultiAlternatives(EmailMessage): """ A version of EmailMessage that makes it easy to send multipart/alternative messages. For example, including text and HTML versions of the text is made easier. """ alternative_subtype = 'alternative' def __init__(self, subject='', body='', from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None, connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, alternatives=None, cc=None): """ Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple recipients). All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings (or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any necessary encoding conversions. """ super(EmailMultiAlternatives, self).__init__(subject, body, from_email, to, bcc, connection, attachments, headers, cc) self.alternatives = alternatives or [] def attach_alternative(self, content, mimetype): """Attach an alternative content representation.""" assert content is not None assert mimetype is not None self.alternatives.append((content, mimetype)) def _create_message(self, msg): return self._create_attachments(self._create_alternatives(msg)) def _create_alternatives(self, msg): encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET if self.alternatives: body_msg = msg msg = SafeMIMEMultipart(_subtype=self.alternative_subtype, encoding=encoding) if self.body: msg.attach(body_msg) for alternative in self.alternatives: msg.attach(self._create_mime_attachment(*alternative)) return msg